Some groups may be particularly at risk from climate change, such as the poor, women, children and indigenous peoples. Economic sectors affected include agriculture, fisheries, forestry, energy, insurance, and tourism. Wealthy industrialised countries, which have emitted the most CO 2, have more resources and so are the least vulnerable to global warming. The vulnerability and exposure of humans to climate change varies by economic sector and by country. Climate change has profound impacts on human health, directly via heat stress and indirectly via the spread of infectious diseases. : 259įood security and access to fresh water are at risk due to rising temperatures.
At 2 ☌ (3.6 ☏) of warming, around 10% of species on land would become critically endangered. On land, many species move to higher ground, whereas marine species seek colder water at greater depths. : 9 Species worldwide are migrating poleward to colder areas. It has degraded land by raising temperatures, drying soils and increasing wildfire risk. Recent warming has strongly affected natural biological systems. : 10 Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is acidifiying the ocean.
Among the effects of climate change on oceans are an increase of ocean temperatures, a rise in sea level from ocean warming and ice sheet melting, increased ocean stratification, and changes to ocean currents including a weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. In particular, most land areas have warmed faster than most ocean areas, and the Arctic is warming faster than most other regions. The changes in climate are not uniform across the Earth. The projected and observed negative impacts of climate change are sometimes referred to as the climate crisis. The effects of human-caused climate change are broad and far-reaching, especially if significant climate action is not taken. These in turn impact nature and wildlife, as well as human settlements and societies. Changes in the climate system include an overall warming trend, more extreme weather and rising sea levels. Ĭlimate change affects the physical environment, ecosystems and human societies. Some effects act as feedbacks that intensify climate change. The primary causes and the wide-ranging impacts : 3–36 of climate change.
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